Occitanian culture flourished in the High Middle Ages.This last definition of a contiguous and compact territory is currently the most widespread. ) either taking into account the mass of lands where Occitan is spoken, without taking into account small internal or external enclaves. On the other hand one always speaks Occitan in the French Basque Country and in the Països Catalans (the Val d'Aran and the Fenolheda), and internal allophone enclaves (Petite Gavacharie of Poitevin-Saintongeais language, ancient Ligurian enclaves of eastern Provence, the quasi-Ligurian-Occitan enclave of Monaco. The formerly Occitanophone regions are not included. Based on a geolinguistic definition, Occitania coincides with the current area of Occitan language.
The extent of Occitania may vary according to the criteria used: On 28 September 2016 Occitanie became the name of the administrative region that succeeded the regions of Midi-Pyrénées and Languedoc-Roussillon, The somewhat uncommon ending of the term Occitania is most probably a portmanteau French clerks coined from òc and Aquitània, thus blending the language and the land in just one concept. The name Lenga d'òc was used in Italian ( Lingua d'òc) by Dante in the late 13th century. The names "Occitania" and "Occitan language" ( Occitana lingua) appeared in Latin texts from as early as 1242–1254 to 1290 and during the following years of the early 14th century texts exist in which the area is referred to indirectly as "the country of the Occitan language" ( Patria Linguae Occitanae). Thus the historic Duchy of Aquitaine must not be confused with the modern French region called Aquitaine: this is the main reason why the term Occitania was revived in the mid-19th century. Limousin, Auvergne, Languedoc and Gascony). So Provence and Gallia Aquitania (or Aquitanica) are the names used since medieval times for Occitania (i.e. Under the Later Empire, both Aquitania and Provincia Romana were grouped in the Seven Provinces or Viennensis. Under Roman rule, most of Occitania was known as Aquitania, the earlier conquered territories were known as Provincia Romana (see modern Provence), while the northern provinces of what is now France were called Gallia ( Gaul). Since 2006, the Occitan language has been an official language of Catalonia, which includes the Aran Valley where Occitan gained official status in 1990. However, the territory was united in Roman times as the Seven Provinces ( Latin: Septem Provinciæ ) and in the Early Middle Ages ( Aquitanica or the Visigothic Kingdom of Toulouse, or the share of Louis the Pious following Thionville divisio regnorum in 806 ).Ĭurrently, between 200,000–800,000 people of 16 million living in the area, are either native or proficient speakers of Occitan, although the languages more usually spoken in the area are French, Catalan, Spanish and Italian.
Occitania has been recognized as a linguistic and cultural concept since the Middle Ages, but has never been a legal nor a political entity under this name.
This cultural area roughly encompasses the southern third of France (with the exception of the French Basque Country and French Catalonia), as well as part of Spain ( Aran Valley), Monaco, and smaller parts of Italy ( Occitan Valleys, Guardia Piemontese). Occitania ( Occitan: Occitània, locally, or ) is the historical region in Western and Southern Europe where Occitan was historically the main language spoken, and where it is sometimes still used, often as a second language. Map of Occitania in Occitan language, with the main cities
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